Absorbed dose to water standard for 192Ir HDR sources using Fricke Dosimetry

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https://doi.org/10.32685/2590-7468/invapnuclear.4.2020.565

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HDR, dosimetría Fricke, dosis absorbida

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[1]
C. E. de Almeida y C. Salata, «Absorbed dose to water standard for 192Ir HDR sources using Fricke Dosimetry», rev. investig. apl. nucl., n.º 4, pp. 31–44, nov. 2020.

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2020-11-18

Resumen

La solución de Fricke es un dosímetro químico basado en la oxidación de iones ferrosos a férricos en la solución después de la interacción con radiación ionizante. La solución está compuesta de 96 % de agua (en peso), y su densidad es entonces notablemente similar a la del agua. Adicionalmente, estudios muestran que el dosímetro Fricke puede ser usado como un dosímetro primario en la determinación de la dosis absorbida en agua para braquiterapia de alta tasa de dosis (HDR) con 192Ir. El Laboratorio de Ciencias Radiológicas de la Universidad del Estado de Río de Janeiro (LCR/UERJ) ha investigado el uso de dosímetros Fricke en varias aplicaciones por más de diez años, particularmente en el área de radioterapia. Este artículo de revisión presenta importantes desarrollos del LCR/UERJ en años recientes en la determinación de la dosis absorbida en agua para fuentes de 192Ir. Esto incluye un nuevo diseño de un recipiente de irradiación, un nuevo dispositivo de lectura, una descripción de la necesidad de un control cuidadoso de la temperatura durante la irradiación y lectura, un cálculo más preciso de los factores de corrección y los resultados de una intercomparación con el Laboratorio Nacional de Calibración de Canadá. La preparación cuidadosa de la solución Fricke es una de las etapas más críticas en el proceso. A través de los años, el LCR/UERJ ha probado diferentes métodos de preparación de la solución y un procedimiento final es presentado. En relación con el recipiente de irradiación, un matraz esférico moldeado de doble pared para la solución Fricke fue inicialmente fabricado y usado para medir la dosis absorbida en agua. Sin embargo, como era difícil manipular el matraz esférico, un segundo diseño hecho también con PMMA fue moldeado como un cilindro, con un tubo central donde la fuente es posicionada en el centro. Diferentes metodologías han sido reportadas para la determinación del valor G, un parámetro clase en dosimetría Fricke, y aquí, dos metodologías diferentes usadas por el LCR son revisadas. Para la determinación de la dosis absorbida en agua para fuentes de 192Ir, la incertidumbre combinada total asociada con las medidas es estimada menor que 1 % para k = 1. Así, las incertidumbres obtenidas para la determinación de la dosis absorbida en agua usando dosímetros Fricke son menores que las obtenidas usando los protocolos estándar. Con relación a la práctica clínica, esto podría mejorar la exactitud en el cálculo de la dosis entregada a los pacientes. En general, los resultados muestran que la dosimetría Fricke es un sistema confiable para medir la dosis absorbida en agua, como patrón para HDR con 192Ir.

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