Climatic periodicity and evolution of South American Maestrichtian and tertiary floras (a study based on pollen analysis in Colombia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol5.2.1957.272Keywords:
pollen-analytical data from Colombia
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Abstract
This article deals (chapter 1) with pollen-analytical data from Colombia (South America) and includes a complete pollen diagram running from the base of the Maastrichtian until the beginning of the Miocene. Special principles were used in its construction. The diagram shows periodical changes in the numeric composition of the flora, which are associated with the entrance of new species and the extinction of other ones. 2 and 6 million-year cycles may be distinguished the latter corresponding to epochs or ages (Paleocene, Lower Eocene, etc.). The problem of evolution and migration is treated in the light of these and other pollen-analytical data.
In chapter 2 a further interpretation of the pollen-analytical data is given, taking into consideration the causes of the vegetational changes (changes in temperature) and of evolution. The relationship between these changes and tectonic-orogenetic movements and transgressions is treated too, and it is known that these movements may partly have a periodicity comparable to vegetation changes and evolution, but that in these cases they are always somewhat delayed. The registration of the periodic temperature changes by means of pollen statistics is proposed as a possible new stratigraphical criterion, being independent of index fossils, migrations of species, etc.
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