Relationships between biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy in the so-called Bolivar Geosyncline
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol19.3.1971.403Keywords:
Colombia, biostratígraphy, Cretacious, foraminifera, tectonica, Cansona Formation
License
Copyright (c) 1971 Servicio Geológico Colombiano
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Published
Abstract
In this work, we compare the biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy in the so-called "Bolívar Geosyncline," from the Upper Cretaceous to the Upper Miocene and Pliocene-Pleistocene, based mainly on planktonic foraminifera and other aspects such as sedimentary and tectonic events.
Some observations on tectonic and faunal phenomena recognized in the Upper Cretaceous and Upper Miocene are also illustrated, probably related to geotectonic phenomena.
In the same way, the two hiatuses: post-Upper Cretaceous-pre-Eocene and post-Middle Miocene-Upper Miocene, previously recognized in Northern Colombia, have been recognized and extended to Ecuador and Peru and other mapped and known areas of this western strip.
The time-rock units: Cansona, Carmen, and Tubará (cf. Duque, 1972, in press), are also proposed here as Pisos.
References
Anderson, F.M., 1929.- Marine Miocene and Related deposits of North Colombia. Cal. Acad. Sci. Procc. Fourth Series, Vol. XVIII, No. 4, pp. 73-213, Plts. 8-23, March.
Aubouin, J., 1965.- Geosynclines. Developments in Geotectonics I, Elsevier Publishing Company, pp. 1-335, figs. 1-67, tbls. 1-11. New York.
Bandy, O.L., 1968.- Correlations of Principal Geologic Formations and Suggested Paleoenvironmental Trends, Route 17, Panamá, Route 25. Colombia. Engineering Feasibility Studies Atlantic-Pacific· Interoceanic Canal, GEOLOGY, Final Report Route 25, Vol.1, pp. E-87-111, 4 figs., 2 tbls., April.
Berggren, W.A., 1968.- Micropaleontology and the Pliocene/Pleistocene Boundary in a Deep Sea Core from the South-Central North Atlantic. Committee Mediterranean Neog. Strat. Proc. IV Sess. Giorn Geol. (2) XXXV, fase. 2, pp.291-312, figs. 1-6, Bologna 1967.
Berggren, W.A. & Phillips, J.D., 1970.- Influence of Continental Drift on the Distribution of Tertiary Benthonic Foraminifera in the Caribbean 'and Mediterranean Regions. Woods Hale Contribution No. 2376, pp. 1-91, 8 figs.
Blow, W.H., 1969.- Late Middle Eocene to Recent Planktonic Forarriiniferal Bioestratigraphy. Proceed. First. Inter. Conference Plankt. Microfos. Geneva, 1967, Ed. Bronnimann & Renz, Vol. 1, pp. 1-422, figs. 1-43, pis. 1-54. Leiden.
Bolli, H.M., 1957.- Planktonic Foraminifera from the Oligocene-Miocene Cipero and Lengua Formations of Trinidad B.W.I. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 215, pp. 97-123, 5 figs., 8 Ims., Washington.
Bolli, H.M., 1957.- Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando Formations of Trinidad B.W.I. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 215, pp. 155-172, pls. 25-39, Washington.
Bolli, H,M., 1966.- Zonation of Cretaceous to Pliocene marine sediments basedon planktonic foraminifera. Bol. Informativo Asoc. Venez. Geol. Min. Petrol. Vol. 9, No. 1, January, 1966, pp. 3-32, tbls. 1-4.
Bürgl, H., 1961.- Historia Geológica de Colombia. Rev. Acad. Sci. Fisic. Nat. Vol. XI. No. 43, pp. 137-191, 41 figs., Bogotá.
Case, J.E., Durán, L.G. López, A. & Moore, W.R., 1971.- Tectonic Investigations in western Colombia and Eastern Panamá. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. Vol. 82, pp. 2685-2712, 16 figs., October.
Cushman, J.A. & Stainforth, R.M., 1951.- Tertiary Foraminifera of Coastal Ecuador: Part. 1, Eocene. Journ. Paleont. Vol. 25, No. 2, March, 1951, pp.129-164, pls. 25-28, text figs. 1-4.
Duque, Caro, H., 1968.- Observaciones generales a la Bioestratigrafía y Geología Regional en los Departamentos de Bolívar y Córdoba. Bol. Geoll. Univ. Indust. de Santander, No. 24, pp. 71-87, fig. 1-3, Bucaramanga, Marzo 196 7.
Duque, Caro, H., 1971.- On planktonic Foraminiferal Zonation in the Tertiary of Colombia. Micropaleontology Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 365-368, July.
Duque, Caro, H., 1972.- Ciclos tectónicos y sedimentarios en el Norte de Colombia relacionados con la Paleoecología. Bol. Geol. (en imprenta).
Eames, F.E., Banner, F.T., Blow, W.H. & Clarke, W.J., 1962.- Fundamentals of MidTertiary Stratigraphical Correlations. Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-162, 17 pls., 20 figs.
Eames, F.E., Clarke, W.J., Banner, F.T., Smouth, A.H. & Blow, W. H., 1968. Some Larger Foraminifera from the Tertiary of Central America. Paleontology, Vol.11, part. 2, pp. 283-305, pis. 47-49.
Ericson, B.B., Ewing, M. & Wolling, G., 1963.- Plio-Pleistocene Boundary in Deepsea sediments Science, 139, No. 3556, pp. 727-737, Washington.
Frizzell, D.L., 1943.- Upper Cretaceous Foraminifera from Northwestern Perú. Jour. Paleont. Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 331-353. Pls. 55-57, July.
Haffer, J., 1970.- Geologic Climatic History and Zoogeographic Significance of the Urabá Region in Northwestern Colombia. Caldasia Vol. X, No. 50, pp. 603-636, figs. 1-6, tbls. I, May.
Hay, W.W., 1969.- On Defining boundaries between the Paleocene Eocene and Oligocene. Colloque sur l'Eocene. Mem. duB.R.G.M. No. 69, Vol.III, pp. 196-200, París, May. 1968.
Hofker, J., 1956.- Tertiary Foraminifera of Coastal Ecuador: Part. II, additional notes on the Eocene species. Jour. Paleont. Vol. 30, No. 4, July 1956, pp. 891-958, text. figs. 1-101. ·
Hoffstetter, R., 1956.- Lexique Stratigraphique International, Vol. V., AMERIQUE Fasc. 5a, ECUADOR, París, 191 pp.
Hoffstetter, R., 1956.- Lexique Stratigraphique Interpational Vol. V, AMERIQUE LATINE Fasc. 5b, PERU, París, 132 pp.
Jacobs, C., Bürgl, H. & Conley, D., 1963.- Backbone of Colombia. -Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 2, pp. 62-72, 14 figs.
Jenkins, D.G., 1965.- Planktonic Foraminifera and Tertiary intercontinenta correlations. Micropaleontology, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 265-277, pls. 1-2, July.
Lloyd, J.J., 1963.- Tectonic History of the South Central American Orogen, Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 2, pp. 88-100, 12 figs.
Nygren, W.E., 1950.- The Bolivar Geosyncline of North western South America. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. Vol. 34, No. 10, pp. 1998-2006, 3 figs., Tulsa.
Olsson, A.A., 1932.- Contributions to the Tertiary Paleontology of Northern Perú, Part. 5, the Peruvian Miocene. Amer. Paleont. Bull. Vol. 19, No. 68, 272 pls.
Olsson, A.A., 1934.- Contributions to the Paleontology of Northern Perú: The Cretaceous of the Amotape Region. Bulls. of Am. Pal., Vol. 20, No. 69, pp. 1-104, 2 figs., 11 Is., Ithaca.
Olsson, A.A., 1956.- In Jenks, W.F., Handbook of South American Geology. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 65, pp. 293-326, 2 figs., New York.
Petters, V., 1955.- Developments of Upper Cretaceous Foraminiferal Faunas in Colombia S.A. Jour. Paleont. Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 212-225, 7 figs. March.
Petters, V. & Sarmiento, R., 1956.- Oligocene and Lower Miocene Bioestratigraphy of the Carmen-Zambrano Area, Colombia, Micropaleontology, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 7-35, 1 pl., 2 figs., 7 tbls.
Porta, J.D., 1962.- Consideraciones sobre el estado actual de la Estratigrafía del Terciario en Colombia. Bol. Geol. No. 9, pp. 5-43, 5 tbls., 1 fig., Universidad Industrial de Santander.
Porta, J.D., 1970.- On Planktonic Foraminiferal Zonation in the Tertiary of Colombia. Micropaleontology, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 216-220, text. fig. 1, April.
Schuchert, C., 1934.- Historical Geology of the Antillean Caribbean Region. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Vol. 1, 811 pp., 107 figs., New York.
Sigal, J., 1969.- Quelques Acquisitions Recents Concernant la Chronostratigraphie des Formations Sedimentaires de L'Equateur. Revista Española de Micropaleontología. Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 205-236, 2 figs., Mayo.
Small, Jr., J. & Polugar, 1962.- (en Sigal, 1969).
Stainforth, R.M., 1948.- Applied Micropaleontology in Coastal Ecuador. Jour. Paleont. Vol. 22, No.2, pp. 113-151, text. figs. 1-2, Plts. 24-26, March.
Stainforth, R.M., 1955.- Ages of Tertiary Formations in North west Peru. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., Vol. 39, No. 10, pp. 2068-2077, tbl.1.
Stainforth, R.M., 1968.- Mid-Tertiary Diastrophism in Northern South America. Fourth Caribbean Geol. Conf. Transactions pp. 159-177, figs. 1-9, Trinidad, 1965.
Stainforth, R.M. & Rügg, W., 1953.- Mid-Oiigocene Transgressions in Southern Perú. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 568-569.
Stone, B., 1968.- Pianktonic Foraminiferal Zonation in the Carmen-Zambrano Area, Colombia. Micropaleontology, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 363-364, text. fig. 1, July.
Thalman, H.E., 1946.- Micropaleontology of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene in Western Ecuador. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol. Bull. Vol. 30, pp. 337- 347, No. 3, 1 fig.
Travis, R.B., 1953.- La Brea-Pariñas oil Field, Northwestern Perú. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. Vol. 37, No.9, pp. 2.-093-118, 9 figs.
Weiss, L., 1955.- Foraminifera from the Paleocene Pale Greda Formation of Perú. Jour. Paleont. Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 1-21, pls. 1-6, text. figs. 1-2.
Weiss, L., 1955.- Planktonic Index Foraminifera of Northwestern Perú. Micropaleontology, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 301-319, pls. 1-3, text. fig.1, tbls. 1-2, 1 chart, October.
Werenfels, A., 1926.- Una Sección Estratigráfica a través del Terciario de Toluviejo, Colombia. Eclog. Geol. Helvet. Vol. 20, pp. 79-84, 1926, 2 figs.
Whitmore, F.C., Jr. & Stewart, R.H., 1965.- Miocene Mammals and Central American Seaways. Science. Vol. 148, No. 3667, pp. 180-185, 2 figs.
Woodring, W.P., 1954.- Caribbean Land and Sea through the Ages. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. Vol. 65, No. 8, pp. 719-732, figs.
Woodring, W.P., 1965.- Endemism in Middle Miocene Caribbeari Molluscan Faunas. Science, Vol. 148, No. 3672, pp. 961-963, 1 figs., 1 tbls. Mayo.
