Morphology and general stratigraphy of the maar-type San Diego volcano,NE of Caldas, Colombia
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https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bol.geol.50.1.2023.684Keywords:
Freatomagmatismo, vulcanismo monogenético, vulcanismo poligénetico, Maar, cono de toba, San Diego.
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Abstract
The San Diego volcano is a complex maar-type volcanic structure, located in the NE of the department of Caldas. It marks the known northern limit of recent volcanism in the Andes associated with the subduction of the Nazca Plate under South America. Integration of information of morphology, analysis of deposits facies and dating, at least three periods of eruptive activity are inferred, which occurred around 40,000, 22,000 and 16,000 years BP, giving rise to the current configuration of the maar. of the maar, which is formed by two concatenated structures, which are slightly displaced from each other in a NE-SW direction and a tuff cone located inside the NE maar (the oldest); the diameter of this structure is 2.7 x 3.2 km, while for the SE younger maar it is 2.4 km. Inside this one, there is a semicircular crater lake, with a diameter of 1.5 km X 1 km and 50 m deep. The structures that make up the San Diego maar are partially eroded due to the successive eruptive activity of the volcano. The pre-eruptive basement is exposed inside the crater, forming sub-vertical walls and, above it, outcrop deposits that form pyroclastic rings, with irregular thicknesses that are distributed around the structure with distances between 2 and 6.5 km from the rim of the craters. The “El Morro” tuff cone has associated thick deposits that reach distances of up to 6 km and a dacitic-rhyolitic plug.
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